Wong Nyuk Hien and Steve Kardinal Jusuf†
Published in: Architectural Science Review 2008, 51 (3), 212-220
ABSTRACT:
It is widely known that greenery has positive impacts to the environment. It is necessary to consider greenery as an important element in any contemporary urban planning. However, planners, estate managers and property managers are not able to asses existing greenery conditions in terms of quantitative data in order to achieve their goals in maintaining or improving the greenery condition. Thus, it is impossible to set a framework or plan to improve the environmental quality. The objective of this research is to develop a framework for planners to evaluate and to improve the greenery conditions in planning the urban environment.
Keywords: GIS, Greenery mapping framework, Greenery condition assessment, Planning, Urban environments
Friday, April 18, 2008
STUDY OF ROOF GARDENS IN NUS
Wong Nyuk Hien, Lin Huimin, Nedyomukti* & Steve Kardinal Jusuf
2nd Building Research Student Network Symposium, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
28 March 2007
ABSTRACT:
Singapore has undergone rapid urbanization. Study shows that the huge concentration of thermal mass (building) contributes to environmental problems such as the Urban Heat Island (UHI) Effect. Heat accumulated within the urban landscape during the day is released at night resulting in higher night temperatures than normal. As the temperature in an urban area rises, more cooling energy is needed to maintain comfort levels in building structures. In addition, the UHI effect is compounded by air pollution, which reduces night-time terrestrial radiation, and by the low humidity which results from the lack of vegetation. A heat island is developed during calm conditions; winds disperse heat.
The object study of this research is inside the premises of National University of Singapore (NUS). With the introduction of new buildings to NUS Master Plan 2005, it might lead to the development of UHI. Urban greenery, such as planting of grass, trees, and shrubs could minimize the impact of the UHI effect. The potential of roof gardens within the campus was quantified and studied to further improve the urban greenery. The aim of this research seeks to study the way greenery helps in mitigating the UHI effect and determine the direct and indirect effects of the two types of rooftop garden (intensive type and extensive type).
Keywords: urban greenery, roof garden, NUS
2nd Building Research Student Network Symposium, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
28 March 2007
ABSTRACT:
Singapore has undergone rapid urbanization. Study shows that the huge concentration of thermal mass (building) contributes to environmental problems such as the Urban Heat Island (UHI) Effect. Heat accumulated within the urban landscape during the day is released at night resulting in higher night temperatures than normal. As the temperature in an urban area rises, more cooling energy is needed to maintain comfort levels in building structures. In addition, the UHI effect is compounded by air pollution, which reduces night-time terrestrial radiation, and by the low humidity which results from the lack of vegetation. A heat island is developed during calm conditions; winds disperse heat.
The object study of this research is inside the premises of National University of Singapore (NUS). With the introduction of new buildings to NUS Master Plan 2005, it might lead to the development of UHI. Urban greenery, such as planting of grass, trees, and shrubs could minimize the impact of the UHI effect. The potential of roof gardens within the campus was quantified and studied to further improve the urban greenery. The aim of this research seeks to study the way greenery helps in mitigating the UHI effect and determine the direct and indirect effects of the two types of rooftop garden (intensive type and extensive type).
Keywords: urban greenery, roof garden, NUS
STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL WIND PROFILE ON NEW UNIVERSITY TOWN @ WARREN
Wong Nyuk Hien, Goh Siew Ling, Steve Kardinal Jusuf* & Nedyomukti Imam Syafii
2nd Building Research Student Network Symposium, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
28 March 2007
ABSTRACT:
This research presents the adoption of wind tunnel modeling to study the environmental wind profile to enhance the performance of natural ventilation on New University Town @ Warren. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted with the use of scaled model to determine the natural ventilation performance in terms of wind velocity. The regions with low wind velocity were identified and examined.
The study also explored the impact of variations of the design parameters, which classified into four divisions, namely, openings of buildings, height of buildings, orientation of greenery and spacing between presences of greenery on environmental wind conditions. A total of eleven stages of experiments were performed in this study. The results indicated that the values of wind velocity were significantly affected by the variation of design parameters. Openings and heights of buildings in relation to prevailing wind direction can notably enhance the wind velocity. The presence of greenery in the prevailing wind direction influences the magnitude of wind velocity by producing shielding effect, which can be proven to serve as an effective windbreak. Furthermore, tree spacing played a part in modifying the wind velocity. As trees spacing increased, the values of wind velocity increased.
Keywords: wind profile, wind tunnel study, New University Town @ Warren
2nd Building Research Student Network Symposium, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
28 March 2007
ABSTRACT:
This research presents the adoption of wind tunnel modeling to study the environmental wind profile to enhance the performance of natural ventilation on New University Town @ Warren. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted with the use of scaled model to determine the natural ventilation performance in terms of wind velocity. The regions with low wind velocity were identified and examined.
The study also explored the impact of variations of the design parameters, which classified into four divisions, namely, openings of buildings, height of buildings, orientation of greenery and spacing between presences of greenery on environmental wind conditions. A total of eleven stages of experiments were performed in this study. The results indicated that the values of wind velocity were significantly affected by the variation of design parameters. Openings and heights of buildings in relation to prevailing wind direction can notably enhance the wind velocity. The presence of greenery in the prevailing wind direction influences the magnitude of wind velocity by producing shielding effect, which can be proven to serve as an effective windbreak. Furthermore, tree spacing played a part in modifying the wind velocity. As trees spacing increased, the values of wind velocity increased.
Keywords: wind profile, wind tunnel study, New University Town @ Warren
Monday, July 23, 2007
GIS-Based Greenery Evaluation on Campus Master Plan
Wong Nyuk Hien and Steve Kardinal Jusuf
Published in: Landscape and Urban Planning Volume 84, Issue 2, 6 February 2008, Pages 166-182
Abstract:
In the previous study, it was found that urban heat island intensity in National University of Singapore (NUS) campus as high as 4oC at around 13:00. It is also concluded that the presence of dense greenery in NUS environment is very important in keeping low ambient temperature.
National University of Singapore has announced its new master plan in 2005, entitled NUS Master Plan 2005. Many new buildings will be built and in some areas existing greenery will be removed. Geographical Information System (GIS) was use to evaluate the greenery condition. It was found that the greenery rate of NUS Master Plan 2005 will drop by about 3% from 55.10% of NUS current condition to 52.31%. In order to have a sustainable environment, the greenery condition should be at least maintain at the same rate or even make it better.
For this purpose, potential of increasing greenery area by rooftop greenery application was also done. The target is to maintain the green rate of different zones at the same rate with current condition. In total, there will be more than 56% new buildings in NUS Master Plan 2005. Therefore, there is a good opportunity to plan and introduce the rooftop greenery or vertical greenery since in the early design stage
The ENVI-Met simulation predicts that the ambient temperature in NUS environment will increase about 1oC when NUS Master Plan 2005 is completed. It is due to the reduction of greenery rate.
Keywords: NUS Campus, GIS, master plan evaluation, potential of rooftop greenery, ENVI-Met simulation, temperature prediction.
Published in: Landscape and Urban Planning Volume 84, Issue 2, 6 February 2008, Pages 166-182
Abstract:
In the previous study, it was found that urban heat island intensity in National University of Singapore (NUS) campus as high as 4oC at around 13:00. It is also concluded that the presence of dense greenery in NUS environment is very important in keeping low ambient temperature.
National University of Singapore has announced its new master plan in 2005, entitled NUS Master Plan 2005. Many new buildings will be built and in some areas existing greenery will be removed. Geographical Information System (GIS) was use to evaluate the greenery condition. It was found that the greenery rate of NUS Master Plan 2005 will drop by about 3% from 55.10% of NUS current condition to 52.31%. In order to have a sustainable environment, the greenery condition should be at least maintain at the same rate or even make it better.
For this purpose, potential of increasing greenery area by rooftop greenery application was also done. The target is to maintain the green rate of different zones at the same rate with current condition. In total, there will be more than 56% new buildings in NUS Master Plan 2005. Therefore, there is a good opportunity to plan and introduce the rooftop greenery or vertical greenery since in the early design stage
The ENVI-Met simulation predicts that the ambient temperature in NUS environment will increase about 1oC when NUS Master Plan 2005 is completed. It is due to the reduction of greenery rate.
Keywords: NUS Campus, GIS, master plan evaluation, potential of rooftop greenery, ENVI-Met simulation, temperature prediction.
Monday, June 4, 2007
The influence of land use on the urban heat island in Singapore
Published in Habitat International 31 (2007) 232–242
Steve Kardinal Jusuf, N.H. Wong, Emlyn Hagen, Roni Anggoro, Yan Hong
Abstract:
The urban air temperature is gradually rising in all cities in the world. One of the possible causes is the drastic reduction in the greenery area in cities. It means that land use planning becomes critical in determining the environment quality. This study tries to investigate and identify land use types which have the most influence to the increase of ambient temperature in Singapore. The main tools are remote sensing data and geographical information system (GIS) to obtain a macro view of Singapore and carry out comprehensive analysis at the same time. The data were analyzed by utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods.
Both the qualitative and quantitative analysis results show that the land usage will influence urban temperature. In the daytime, the order of surface temperature in different land use types is industrial, commercial, airport, residential, and park respectively. However, during the night time, the order is commercial, residential, park, industrial, and airport. Therefore, with appropriate land use planning, the urban heat island (UHI) could be mitigated.
Keywords:
Influence; Land use; Urban heat island; Temperature; Singapore; GIS; Remote sensing
Steve Kardinal Jusuf, N.H. Wong, Emlyn Hagen, Roni Anggoro, Yan Hong
Abstract:
The urban air temperature is gradually rising in all cities in the world. One of the possible causes is the drastic reduction in the greenery area in cities. It means that land use planning becomes critical in determining the environment quality. This study tries to investigate and identify land use types which have the most influence to the increase of ambient temperature in Singapore. The main tools are remote sensing data and geographical information system (GIS) to obtain a macro view of Singapore and carry out comprehensive analysis at the same time. The data were analyzed by utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods.
Both the qualitative and quantitative analysis results show that the land usage will influence urban temperature. In the daytime, the order of surface temperature in different land use types is industrial, commercial, airport, residential, and park respectively. However, during the night time, the order is commercial, residential, park, industrial, and airport. Therefore, with appropriate land use planning, the urban heat island (UHI) could be mitigated.
Keywords:
Influence; Land use; Urban heat island; Temperature; Singapore; GIS; Remote sensing
Tuesday, April 17, 2007
Study on Effect of Greenery in Campus Area
PLEA2006 - The 23rd Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture, Geneva, Switzerland, 6-8 September 2006
Steve Kardinal Jusuf, Wong Nyuk Hien, Aung Aung La Win, Htun Kyaw Thu, To Satya Negara, Wu Xuchao
ABSTRACT
Urban environment quality becomes worsen in every year. There is a fact that the urban air temperature is gradually raising in all cities and some effective measures are needed to mitigate it. Planting of vegetation is one of the main strategies to mitigate the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Large urban parks can extend the positive effects to the surrounding built environment. National University of Singapore (NUS) complex can be considered as a “city” in a smaller scale. The greenery area along Kent Ridge Road seems like the “rural” area, with a cooler ambient temperature. Some methodologies were employed in this study, such as field measurement and computer simulations. Field measurement was used to get the real temperature distribution across the campus and finally, computer simulation was used to predict some scenarios of different conditions.
Visit: http://www.unige.ch/formcont/plea2006/geneva.html
Download: www.unige.ch/cuepe/html/plea2006/Vol1/PLEA2006_PAPER552.pdf
Steve Kardinal Jusuf, Wong Nyuk Hien, Aung Aung La Win, Htun Kyaw Thu, To Satya Negara, Wu Xuchao
ABSTRACT
Urban environment quality becomes worsen in every year. There is a fact that the urban air temperature is gradually raising in all cities and some effective measures are needed to mitigate it. Planting of vegetation is one of the main strategies to mitigate the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Large urban parks can extend the positive effects to the surrounding built environment. National University of Singapore (NUS) complex can be considered as a “city” in a smaller scale. The greenery area along Kent Ridge Road seems like the “rural” area, with a cooler ambient temperature. Some methodologies were employed in this study, such as field measurement and computer simulations. Field measurement was used to get the real temperature distribution across the campus and finally, computer simulation was used to predict some scenarios of different conditions.
Visit: http://www.unige.ch/formcont/plea2006/geneva.html
Download: www.unige.ch/cuepe/html/plea2006/Vol1/PLEA2006_PAPER552.pdf
Environmental study of the impact of greenery in an institutional
Published in: Building and Environment 42 (2007) 2949–2970
N.H. Wong, Steve Kardinal Jusuf, Aung Aung La Win, Htun Kyaw Thu, To Syatia Negara, Wu Xuchao
ABSTRACTS
Urban environment quality is worsening every year. It is a fact that the urban air temperature is gradually rising in all cities and some effective measures are needed to mitigate it. Planting of vegetation is one of the main strategies to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Large urban parks can extend positive effects to the surrounding built environment. National University of Singapore (NUS) complex can be considered as a ‘‘city’’ on a smaller scale. The greenery along Kent Ridge Road seems like a ‘‘rural’’ area, with a cooler ambient temperature. Some methodologies were employed in this study, such as satellite image, field measurement and computer simulations. The satellite image was used to identify the ‘‘hot’’ and ‘‘cool’’ spots in NUS environment. Field measurement was used to get the real temperature distribution across the campus and finally, computer simulation was used to predict some scenarios of different conditions. The result shows that buildings near or surrounded by greenery have lower ambient temperature than the ones away from the greenery and it is an effective way to lower the ambient temperature. The TAS simulation results also show that a rooftop garden has the potential of cooling energy savings for NUS buildings.
N.H. Wong, Steve Kardinal Jusuf, Aung Aung La Win, Htun Kyaw Thu, To Syatia Negara, Wu Xuchao
ABSTRACTS
Urban environment quality is worsening every year. It is a fact that the urban air temperature is gradually rising in all cities and some effective measures are needed to mitigate it. Planting of vegetation is one of the main strategies to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Large urban parks can extend positive effects to the surrounding built environment. National University of Singapore (NUS) complex can be considered as a ‘‘city’’ on a smaller scale. The greenery along Kent Ridge Road seems like a ‘‘rural’’ area, with a cooler ambient temperature. Some methodologies were employed in this study, such as satellite image, field measurement and computer simulations. The satellite image was used to identify the ‘‘hot’’ and ‘‘cool’’ spots in NUS environment. Field measurement was used to get the real temperature distribution across the campus and finally, computer simulation was used to predict some scenarios of different conditions. The result shows that buildings near or surrounded by greenery have lower ambient temperature than the ones away from the greenery and it is an effective way to lower the ambient temperature. The TAS simulation results also show that a rooftop garden has the potential of cooling energy savings for NUS buildings.
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