Landscape and Urban Planning Special Issue Volume 100
Nyuk Hien WONG, Steve Kardinal JUSUF AND Chun Liang TAN
ABSTRACT
In the past decades, urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon in the city and its corresponding issues including the mitigation methods have become the main research topics in the area of urban climatology. Researchers have conducted various investigations and measurements in the urban environment. Prediction models such as impact mitigation strategies, urban air temperature predictions, improved weather forecasting and air quality forecasting have been developed as a result. With the current issue of sustainable urban development in the cities, urban planners are beginning to look into different aspects of urban climatic parameters and incorporate them as the design parameters. However, it is rather difficult for the planners to attempt to design without engaging the urban climate scientists. Presently, Geographical Information System (GIS) is a platform commonly used in various geographical related research and applications, including those relating to urban climate research, as it can be used to analyze different urban climatic parameters. Although it is, by all standards, an appropriate urban design tool, urban planners tend not to embrace this technology. This paper shall present an idea to overcome this challenge by means of developing a user friendly urban design platform that takes after GIS. This paper will also discuss the plan for advancement of the urban design tool from the current situation to the future.
Keywords: integration, urban climate research, sustainable urban development, urban design tool
http://www.scribd.com/doc/50343708/Integrated-Urban-Microclimate-Assessment-Method-as-a-Sustainable-Urban-Development-and-Urban-Design-Tool#
Wednesday, March 9, 2011
Monday, December 6, 2010
Evaluation of the impact of the surrounding urban morphology on building energy consumption
Solar Energy 85 (2011), 57-71
Nyuk Hien Wong, Steve Kardinal Jusuf, Nedyomukti Imam Syafii, Yixing Chen, Norwin Hajadi, Haripriya Sathyanarayanan, Yamini Vidya Manickavasagam
Abstract
Empirical models of minimum (Tmin), average (Tavg) and maximum (Tmax) air temperature for Singapore estate have been developed and validated based on a long-tem field measurement. There are three major urban elements, which influence the urban temperature at the local scale. Essentially, they are buildings, greenery and pavement. Other related parameters identified for the study, such as green plot ratio (GnPR), sky view factor (SVF), surrounding building density, the wall surface area, pavement area, albedo are also evaluated to give a better understanding on the likely impact of the modified urban morphology on energy consumption. The objective of this research is to assess and to compare how the air temperature variation of urban condition can affect the building energy consumption in tropical climate of Singapore. In order to achieve this goal, a series of numerical calculation and building simulation are utilized. A total of 32 cases, considering different urban morphologies, are identified and evaluated to give better a understanding on the implication of urban forms, with the reference to the effect of varying density, height and greenery density. The results show that GnPR, which related to the present of greenery, have the most significant impact on the energy consumption by reducing the temperature by up to 2 degC. The results also strongly indicate an energy saving of 4.5% if the urban elements are addressed effectively.
Keywords: Impact; Urban morphology; Building energy consumption; Energy simulation; Singapore
http://www.scribd.com/doc/44816460/Evaluation-of-the-Impact-of-the-Surrounding-Urban-Morphology-on-Building-Energy-Consumption
Nyuk Hien Wong, Steve Kardinal Jusuf, Nedyomukti Imam Syafii, Yixing Chen, Norwin Hajadi, Haripriya Sathyanarayanan, Yamini Vidya Manickavasagam
Abstract
Empirical models of minimum (Tmin), average (Tavg) and maximum (Tmax) air temperature for Singapore estate have been developed and validated based on a long-tem field measurement. There are three major urban elements, which influence the urban temperature at the local scale. Essentially, they are buildings, greenery and pavement. Other related parameters identified for the study, such as green plot ratio (GnPR), sky view factor (SVF), surrounding building density, the wall surface area, pavement area, albedo are also evaluated to give a better understanding on the likely impact of the modified urban morphology on energy consumption. The objective of this research is to assess and to compare how the air temperature variation of urban condition can affect the building energy consumption in tropical climate of Singapore. In order to achieve this goal, a series of numerical calculation and building simulation are utilized. A total of 32 cases, considering different urban morphologies, are identified and evaluated to give better a understanding on the implication of urban forms, with the reference to the effect of varying density, height and greenery density. The results show that GnPR, which related to the present of greenery, have the most significant impact on the energy consumption by reducing the temperature by up to 2 degC. The results also strongly indicate an energy saving of 4.5% if the urban elements are addressed effectively.
Keywords: Impact; Urban morphology; Building energy consumption; Energy simulation; Singapore
http://www.scribd.com/doc/44816460/Evaluation-of-the-Impact-of-the-Surrounding-Urban-Morphology-on-Building-Energy-Consumption
Wednesday, February 24, 2010
Sunday, November 29, 2009
Study on the Microclimate Condition along Green Pedestrian Canyon in Singapore
Wong Nyuk Hien and Steve Kardinal Jusuf
Architectural Science Review 53 (2010) 196-212
ABSTRACT
The research on urban canyon in the tropics is still very limited. Currently the research focus has been in the temperate climate especially in the development of urban canyon temperature prediction model. In the Singapore context, the cooling impacts of greenery in the form of parks and rooftop gardens have been well established. However, the cooling effects within the different green canyon forms have not yet been explored.
Experimental data was therefore collected in this study to examine the issues. Firstly, the microclimate condition and the thermal effects along two pedestrian canyons with different greenery and building distribution conditions were investigated. The results show that the cooling effects inside the canyons vary as a function of vegetation cover and shading effect from trees and buildings. Planting vegetation within the canyon can be an effective passive measure to improve the microclimatic condition. Secondly, the pedestrian thermal comfort was also calculated. The calculated Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) and Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) show that mature trees are able to provide thermal comfort to the pedestrian due to their ability to provide sufficient shading.
Keywords: Microclimate condition, Impact of trees, Green pedestrian canyon, Outdoor thermal comfort, Singapore
http://www.scribd.com/doc/33126543/Study-on-the-Micro-Climate-Condition-Along-Green-Pedestrian-Canyon-in-Singapore
Architectural Science Review 53 (2010) 196-212
ABSTRACT
The research on urban canyon in the tropics is still very limited. Currently the research focus has been in the temperate climate especially in the development of urban canyon temperature prediction model. In the Singapore context, the cooling impacts of greenery in the form of parks and rooftop gardens have been well established. However, the cooling effects within the different green canyon forms have not yet been explored.
Experimental data was therefore collected in this study to examine the issues. Firstly, the microclimate condition and the thermal effects along two pedestrian canyons with different greenery and building distribution conditions were investigated. The results show that the cooling effects inside the canyons vary as a function of vegetation cover and shading effect from trees and buildings. Planting vegetation within the canyon can be an effective passive measure to improve the microclimatic condition. Secondly, the pedestrian thermal comfort was also calculated. The calculated Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) and Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) show that mature trees are able to provide thermal comfort to the pedestrian due to their ability to provide sufficient shading.
Keywords: Microclimate condition, Impact of trees, Green pedestrian canyon, Outdoor thermal comfort, Singapore
http://www.scribd.com/doc/33126543/Study-on-the-Micro-Climate-Condition-Along-Green-Pedestrian-Canyon-in-Singapore
STEVE TOOL: A WEB APPLICATION OF SINGAPORE AIR TEMPERATURE PREDICTION MODEL
Steve Kardinal Jusuf and Wong Nyuk Hien
Presented in iNTA-SEGA 2009 - Bridging Innovation, Technology and Tradition, 2-4 December 2009, Bangkok, Thailand
RECEIVED THE BEST PAPER AWARD
ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION in Journal of Green Building
ABSTRACT
Empirical models of minimum (Tmin), average (Tavg) and maximum (Tmax) air temperature for Singapore estate have been developed and validated. The independent variables that were used in the models are daily minimum (Ref Tmin), average (Ref Tavg) and maximum (Ref Tmax) temperature at reference point, average of daily solar radiation (SOLAR), percentage of pavement area over R 50m surface area (PAVE), average height to building area ratio (HBDG), total wall surface area (WALL), Green Plot Ratio (GnPR), sky view factor (SVF) and average surface albedo (ALB).
However, these models are far too complicated for educated non-scientists, such as urban planners. At the end, these models are often kept in the shelves until the scientists are engaged to do the assessment.
The Screening Tool for Estate Environment Evaluation (STEVE) was developed with the motivation as mentioned above, which is to bridge between research findings, especially the air temperature prediction models and the urban planners. STEVE is a web application that is specific to an estate and it calculates the Tmin, Tavg and Tmax of the point of interest for the existing condition and future condition (proposed master plan) of the estate. This paper describes the STEVE tool and some examples of its application on a Singapore green estate.
Keywords: STEVE tool, web application, Singapore, air temperature prediction model.
Presented in iNTA-SEGA 2009 - Bridging Innovation, Technology and Tradition, 2-4 December 2009, Bangkok, Thailand
RECEIVED THE BEST PAPER AWARD
ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION in Journal of Green Building
ABSTRACT
Empirical models of minimum (Tmin), average (Tavg) and maximum (Tmax) air temperature for Singapore estate have been developed and validated. The independent variables that were used in the models are daily minimum (Ref Tmin), average (Ref Tavg) and maximum (Ref Tmax) temperature at reference point, average of daily solar radiation (SOLAR), percentage of pavement area over R 50m surface area (PAVE), average height to building area ratio (HBDG), total wall surface area (WALL), Green Plot Ratio (GnPR), sky view factor (SVF) and average surface albedo (ALB).
However, these models are far too complicated for educated non-scientists, such as urban planners. At the end, these models are often kept in the shelves until the scientists are engaged to do the assessment.
The Screening Tool for Estate Environment Evaluation (STEVE) was developed with the motivation as mentioned above, which is to bridge between research findings, especially the air temperature prediction models and the urban planners. STEVE is a web application that is specific to an estate and it calculates the Tmin, Tavg and Tmax of the point of interest for the existing condition and future condition (proposed master plan) of the estate. This paper describes the STEVE tool and some examples of its application on a Singapore green estate.
Keywords: STEVE tool, web application, Singapore, air temperature prediction model.
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